Record controlled statistical machine



Aug. 6, 1935.

R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Flou.v

Filed July l2, 1933 13 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ATTORNE- Aug- 511935 R. WARREN 2,010,653

RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July l2, 1933 l5 Sheets-Shedl 2 I INVENTOR www@ BY /Wmwd ATT@ Fe N EX Aug. 6,1935. R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July 12,v 1.933 15 sheets-sheet s ATTORNEY NVENTOR BE La: LQWMHUJHEMWHI KUS..

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13 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug. 6, 1935. R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July 12, 1953 Smm.

Aug. 6, 1935. R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July l2, 1933 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR M ma A'ToRNEY Iig Aug. 6, 1935 R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July l2, 1933 13 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR www BY ATTORNEY Aug. 6, 1935. R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICALMACHINE Filed July l2, 1933 .L3 Sheets-Sheet '7 INVENTOR Mm, BY

ATTORNEY R. WARREN Aug. 6, 1935.

RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE ORNEYy INVENTOR 1,11 8 0 .y 3 A M Aug 6, 1935- R. WARREN 2,010,653.

RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE INVENTOR I L MM ATT'ORNEY R. WARREN Aug. 6, 1935.

RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July l2, 1933 13 Sheets-Sheet l0 @Md/dm Zw ATTORNEY R. WARREN Aug. 6, 1935.

RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE 13 sheets-'sheet 11 Filed July l2, 1955 mvEN'roR Mm A-rroRNEY Aug. 6, 1935. R WARREN 2,010,653

RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed Julyv l2, 1933 13 Sheets-Sheet 12 r` ,Nw

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IJJ n@ no mvEN-ron ATTORNEY Aug. 6, 1935.

R. WARREN RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed July l2, 1933 .L3 Sheets-Sheet 13 lNvENToR ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 6, 1935 UNITED STATES RECORD CONTROLLED STATISTICAL MACHINE Richard Warren, New York. N. Y., assigner to International Business Machines New York, N. Y.,

Corporation,

a corporation of New York Application July l2, 1933, Serial No. 670,995

13 Claims.

This invention relates to a counting apparatus and more particularly to a system for automatically measuring the performance of examinees in response to certain types of rxaminations. The

5 cost of inspecting and scoring a large number of tests has made it necessary to devise a mechanical answer form for examinations that can rapidly be scored or graded by unskilled clerks. The type or" examination which the present invention is best adapted to handle is of the type known as a multiple choice test in which each question consists of a statement followed by several possible phrases that could complete the statement; or each question may consist ol several statements. In either case. only one of the phrases or one of the several statements is correct in each question and the examinee is required to select the phrase or statement that he believes is the correct one. The number of questions correctly determined in gn' this manner is the examinees score or grade on this multiple choice type of test.

The 1usual moths-rl of expediting the scoring of these tests employs a key sheet" which is supplied to the scorer, and which is suitably arranged in accordance with the location of the answers specied on the examination paper. The key sheet" consists of a column of numbers in the same spaced relationship as the answers in the original test forni, and scoring consists in matchg; ing or comparing the column of responses with the column of correct numbers on the sheet". The scorer counts and records the number of questions that correspond between response and l:ey" and this number is the examinee's score,

The present invention is desiened to mechanically score examinations in which the examination papers are arranged in book form and in which responses hy the examines are made on both sides of the several leaves of the examination book. Each leaf cf the book is arranged with a. plurality of rows of delimited areas, one row for each question, and in each of which a mark :may be made Toy means of a pencil or similar instrument.

The "key hook is exactly similar and in the areas adjacent to the questions are made marks to represent the .correct answers to the quzstic-ns, The key book" yis arranged to be repeatedly analyzed in one section of the machine; once for each. examination bool: to he scored. in this section the several pages of the hey book are successively' moved past an optical sensing device which ely scans the separate rows ci areas corresponding to the separate oues- (Cl. 23S-92) tions. In another section of the machine the examination books are placed in a feed hopper from which they are fed one at a time to a feeding7 mechanism which causes each page thereof to pass a second optical sensing device in the same manner the pages of the key book are passed beneath the rst optical sensing device. The two books are analyzed in unison; that is, the rows of delimited areas of corresponding questions pass beneath the corresponding sensing dcvices simultaneously and a comparison is made between the two like questions as they are being sensed. If the result of the comparison shows that the answer to a question is correct, a circuit is established by the sensing devices to add 1" on a right answer counting mechanism and if the comparison shows that the answer is incorrect, 1" is added to a wrong answer" counting mechanism. After all the pages of the two books have been compared, the number or" right answers and the number of wrong answers will have been summarized and will then stand upon thc adding wheels or" the 'counting mechanism. The examination book is then brought into position adjacent the counting mechanism and an impression is automatically made from the counting wheels to record on the examination book the number o1' right and wrong answers as an indication o1" the examinees rating. The counters are then restored in preparation for receiving entries under control of the next examination book which is to be compared with the key book.

It is, therefore, the main object of the presen invention to construct an automatic examination book scoring machine in which multileaved examination forms are automatically and successively fed to the machine and the several pages successively compared with corresponding pages of a key book and in which comparison is made to determine the number of right and wrong answers and this result is automatically printed upon the appropriate examination book. The automatic operation of vthe machine will obviously eliminate the human factor in this :field of activity and such elimination will save the cost of labor, reduce the possibility of error, enable the spcedier and more accurate interprem tation of the significance of the comparison hstween the examine/tim bool; and the key hook.

a further object of the invention is to pro e improved mechanism for separately tallying spouses for separate groups of questions, as, i" instance, in cases where it is desired to separat" tally the responses to the odd numbered at 'test can be divided into two parts and each part regarded as a separate test given at the same time. If the test is a good one, the students score on each of the two parts should be about the same. This could be done by regarding, in

. a test of 154 questions, the questions from l to 77 as one test and from 78 to 154 as another testA but it is considered better practice to make the two half tests overlap so that they are in eiect given at the same time and for this reason the odd-even separation of the score is considered more desirable. This arrangement calls for the provision of two pairs of counters of which one pair will count wrong answers and right answers for the even numbered questions and the other pair will similarly count the odd numbered questions.

After the examination book has been completely analyzed, these results are automatically printed upon the examination book. It is possible that an examinee might mark more than one choice for a question. This could result from accident or oversight or it might be due to an examinees belief that the machine only counted the number of right answers and that if he marked more than one, he would have a bettr chance of indicating the right one among the severalv choices and the machine might not take accountl of his duplicity but would credit him with a right answer. The machine will not do this but will instead record the double entry as a wrong answer. l

It is necessary to provide a "wrong `counter as well as a right counter since in some kinds of tests, for example, the true-false, it is agreed that omissions of the question will not count against the examinee as much as a denitely wrong answer to the question. In order to obtain a count of the correct answers, the wrong answers, and the omissions, we must have the number of rights and the number of wrongs, the difference between the total number of responses and total number of questions on the test giving, of course, the number of omissions.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will be obvious from the following particular description of one form of mechanism' embodying the invention or from an inspection of the accompanying drawings; and the invention also constitutes certain new and novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the drawings:

' Fig. 1 is a plan view of the complete machine. Fig. 1' is a right hand elevation or" the machine. Fig. 3 is a detail of one of the book retaining rings.

Fig. 4 is a vsection taken along lines fi-i of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a section through the examination book feeding mechanism. This section is taken substantiallyl along the lines 5 5 of Fig. 1.

` Fig. 6 is a detail of the examination book feeding iingers.

Fig. 7 is a section taken along lines l-i' of Fig. 1, showing the main driving connections.

Fig. '7a is a detail of the key book securing device.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the lines ill-lil of Fig. 4, showing the operating mechanism for controlling the operation of the book holding fingers.

Fig. 11 is a detail showing the mechanism for placing an examination book upon the feeding drum.

Fig. 12 is a further detail of parts shown in i Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a detail view showing the mechanism for turning the leaves of the book after it has been mounted upon the'feeding drum.

Fig. 14 is a detail of a coupling, the section being taken substantially along the lines it-i of Fig. 4. -Fig. 14a is a detail circuit of one of the light sensitive cells.

Fig. 15 is a detail of the book retaining ngers, showing their relationship with respect to the feeding drum and a book.'

Fig. 16 is a detail of an examination book.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken along the lines i'l--i l of Fig. 4, showing the drum for feeding the Examination book 'Ihe examination book is shown in Fig. 16 and comprises a plurality of leaves stapled to form a book. In the present instance the book is made of four sheets, which, when folded over and stapled, constitute eight leaves and sixteen pages. On each page are ve columns of circles ID arranged in rows. There are eleven rows on each page and these rows are numbered consecutively. These columns of rows appear on each page except the first and last which are the cover pages. Adjacent to each row o circles may be printed five statements or completing phrases in accordance with the type of examination to be given and the student is requested to make a pencil mark in one of the five numbered circles in accordance with the statement he believes to be correct; for instance, a mark in the third position circle IB of row twenty indicates that the third statement of the twentieth question is the examinees selection as the answer to this question. Similarly, a mark in the fourth position circle for the twenty-inst question would indicate this as the examinees choice for such question. The circles l and the identifying numer als therein are preferably printed in a color which is non-responsive to the light sensing mechanism of the machine and the marks made by the student are preferably madewith a lead'pencil or similar instrument.

The ends of alternate leaves of the'book have a different configuration; the rst and succeeding odd numbered leaves have their corners cut out as at ii and are provided with three holes i2. The second and succeeding even numbered leaves are provided with aA notch i3 and four perforationsl2, of which the irner two coincide in location with the outer two of the odd numbered leaves. This arrangement of notches and perforations is to facilitate the feeding and handling of the pages separately in a manner to be more fully explained hereinafter. Each page is also provided with four holes I4 near the upper end, which are also provided for feeding and handling purposes.

Key book The key book", as it is commonly called, is exactly similar in organization and configuration to the examination book just described, and prior to its insertion in the machine, marks are made in the circles I0 in positions corresponding to the correct answers for the several questions. It may be mentioned that with eleven questions on each page, the eight leaves will provide for 154 separate questions. The machine is not limited to handling books of a denite number of leaves but may receive books having fewer or more leaves than that shown in Fig. 16.

After the key book and the examination book have been completely analyzed and ycompared and the results of the comparison tallied on the counters, printing is automatically effected upon the last page of the examination book as on the line designated l5 in Fig. 16.

General description A brief outline will rst be given of the general operation of the machine, following which the separate mechanism will be explained in greater detail. Referring to Fig. l, the machine comprises generally a key book feeding and analyzing mechanism, including substantially the mechanism shown on the left portion of the drawing, and an examination book ieedinU and analyving section, which comprises the mechanism on the remainder of the drawing. The key book is carried by a drum and the examination book is carried by a drum E. These two drums are rotated in synchronism and cause the questions to move past their respective light sensitive analyzing devices in succession. The key book remains indenitely upon its drum K and is repeatedly analyzed, once for each examination book. The latter is fed from a supply hopper i6 and received by drum E, which, after the hook has been completely analyzed, delivers it to a magazine il shown in Figs. 2` and 8.

Intermediate the drum E and magazine il' is the counting mechanism, generally designated C, which tallies the results of the comparison between the key book" and examination book. The examination books are momentarily interrupted in their passage from the drum to the magazine il and an impression made thereon from the counting mechanism. I A

Drums K and E are provided with what will hereinafter be termed leang mechanism, which automatically turns the pages of thetwo books inrunison so that the corresponding pages will be presented to their respective analyzing devices in succession during successive rotations oi the drums.

M ain drive The machine is driven from the motor i8 which has belt and pulley connection i9 (Figs. 1 and 7) with a shaftl 2U which in turn, through gearing 2l, drives a transverse shaft 22 to which is secured a Worm 23 (see also Fig. 4). Worm 23 drives a worm wheel 24 loosely mounted upon drum shaft 25. The wheel 24 has integral there- The cross bar 424 carries a notched member 522' with clutch driving elements 26 and 21, through the former of which the drums are coupled to the wheel. 24 for rotation and through the latter. the examination book feeding and ejecting mechanisms are operated. 5

In Fig. 7 is shown a magnet 28, which, upon energization; will attract its armature 2S te release clutch lever 30 pivoted at 3i so that its spring 32 will rock it in a counterclockwise direction. One end of lever 30 normally7 engages a member 33 which is secured to shaft 25 isee Fig. 4) and which has pivoted thereto a springpressed clutching dog 34. Counterciockucise rocking of lever 3D will release member 33 dog 34, whereupon the latter will rock into engagement with continuously running clutch member 26 and shaft 25 will rotate with 2G and worm wheel 2li. Since the drums K d E are secured upon shaft 25 they will rotate together.

The clutch mechanism just described is ci the so-called one revolution type; that is, single revolution the devices will tend t to normal position. Member 33, during tation, is adapted to engage a depending integral with lever 3G to rock it in a cic direction so that the lever will be in de-ei position after the member 33 has conan i'ull revolution. It", however, the in :te-energized before member 33 has co full revolution or if the magnet rem stantly energized, the member 33 the anisni associated tiierevifth will f ption. The m met magnet is maintained energized out in detail in connection with the ci the circuit diagram.

in g. -5 is shown the clutcl associated with the clutch driv ciutching mechanism is exac. that just described and: inciudes a aimature Si, clutch lever 32 corri a member 39 adapted to be noi vertical position by the lever 3E, an dog lil carried by the member 3%. En or" magnet 36 will, in a similar mann dog it to rock into engagement element 2l so that member 39 and the meen. connected thereto will be rotated Toy the element 2l. -g

ln Fig. 4, the member is integral a sleeve 4i which carries camming detti es for .,ritrolling the operation of certain mechanisms or the machine, including the examination book feeding and positioning mechanism, and the ejecting mechanism. As will be pointed out hereinafter, the two clutch controlling magnets 2S and 36 will operate independently at times to cause independent operation of their associated devices and will at times operate together te cause concurrent operation of the controlled mecha-Y nisms.

Examination book feeding marchan-Dye `5. Picker fingers 42 are normally posnoued loeneath the hopper i6, as in Fig'. 6. The ing pivoted at 43 to an extension of a cross which is supported upon rod-s 55 moi' horizontal reciprocation in fixed be g.. Each nger 42 has a depending 4T which straddles a rod 48 carried by i which also stradcues rod 48, as shown. The member 50'is resilient at the point 5l so that it may be adjusted with respect to bar 44 by means of a set screw 52 threaded in a bracket 53v integral with the bar 44. The finger 42 is provided with a pin 56 and the operation is such that as arm 49 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction, rod i8 will first rock finger 42 about its pivot '43, causing pin 54 to rise into a hole I4 in the lowermost examination book. Continued movement of rod 48 toward the left willA engage the left edge i of the notched member 50 so that thereafter the member 58, together with bar 48 and the fingers 42 will be moved toward the left, from the position shown in Fig. 6 to that of Fig. 5, carrying therewith the lowermost examination book.

lIt will be apparent that upon the return stroke of arm 59, a similar action will take place; that is, rod 48 will firstrock fingers 42 in a counterclockwise direction to lower the pin 54, after which rod 43 will engageV the right side of the notched member 58 and the entire mechanism will be moved toward the right. By means of the set screw 52, the member 53 may be adjusted with respect -to rod 48 so that the rod will engage member 58 sooner or later, depending upon whether the examination. books to be fed have fewer or more leaves. Stating this in other words,

. if the examination vbook has a relatively small number of leaves, it is not desirable to move the pin 54 upwardly as great a distanceas for a thicker book so that the adjustment of member 58 will permit horizontal movement of the fingers as soon as the pin has risen the desired distance. It will be apparent, however, that if books having different numbers of pages are to be fed, adjustment of ngers 42' forfeeding the books of minimum thickness will also take care of feeding the thicker books.

The arm 49 is mounted upon a shaft 55 to which is also secured an arm 56 which is connected by a link 51 to an arm 58 pivoted at 59 to a fixed portion of the machine and having a roller 8G at the yopposite end thereof. -Roller 88 cooperates witlra cam 8l which is carried by the sleeve 4l (see also Fig. 4).

Carried by shaft 55 is an arm 82. which, as the examination approaches the drum, is adapted to` open a set of holding rings to receive the book. 'Ihese rings are .better shown in Figs. 3 and 19 and comprise a set of fingers 63 carried by a bar 64 pivoted on rods 65 and a set of fingers GS carried by a bar 61 which is also pivoted about rods 65. Coil springs 88 are arranged to normally urge the ngers into position to retain the book. As the first book is advanced from the feed magazine the .fingers 53 are in the position shown in Fig. 3 and as the arm 62 rocks in a counterclockwise direction. a spring-pressed arm 68 pivoted at the extremity of arm 52 will engage an extension 18 to rock bar 61 about rods and will position fingers 66 as in Fig. 3. The

continued counterclockwise rocking of arm G2 will cause arm 68 to snap past projection 18 so that iingers-86 may move in a counterclockwise direction into openings i8 at which time the parts will be in the position as shown in Fig. 5. Following this, the` follower roller 68 will drop off the high portion of cam 8l and arms .88 and 82 will be moved rapidly toward the right under the iniiuence of springs 1i.

At this time a notched member 12 (Figs. 4 and 14) which is carried by sleeve 4l will engage a spring-pressed dog 13 carried .by a sector il loosely mounted upon shaft 25. Sector 1c has gear connection with a pinion 15 mounted on a shaft 16 to which is also secured a pair of pinions 11 (Fig. 5). The shaft 16 is carried by drum E. Pinions 11 mesh with teeth 18 on a pair of members 19 which are freely pivoted about shaft 25.' The cross connection between sector 1G and teeth 13 of the arm 19 is shown in Fig. 1 from which it will be apparent that movement of sector 1li under the laction of notched member 12 will cause similar movement of the arms 18.

Referring now to Fig. l0, the shaft 16 extends through drum E and carries the second pinion 11 at the other extremity thereof which operates the sec'ond arm 19. The pair of arms 19 support arms 88 at their free ends between which isV mounted a rod 8| provided with a number of ngers 82. When the drum E is in book receiving position, as in Fig. l0, the arms 19 are positioned as shown and springs 83 serve to rock arms 88 in a counterclockwise direction so that the rod 8l and fingers 82 are positioned in a recess 84 of the drum. If the arms 19 are rocked in a clockwise direction. the ngers 82 and rod 8l will ride out of recess 84 and ont the periphery of the drum, the springs 83 serving to hold the fingers 82 in contact therewith. Rod 8l will first engage a blade 85 (Fig. 1l) pivoted at 88 and normally held in the position shown in Fig. 11 by a spring 81. Rocking of blade 85 under the influence of rod 8l will lower the blade against the advanced examination book, as shown in the dotted line position of Fig. 11, causing it to be further withdrawn from the hopper. After the rod 8i has moved suiiiciently to release blade 85, the fingers 82 will roll the examination book around the periphery of the drum as the book is withdrawn from the hopper. It will, of course, be understood that the fingers 82 are not directly in line with the fingers 63 and 68 so that there is no interference between them.

As the arm 19 continues to move from the position of Fig. 11 to that of Fig. 12,-a group of fingers carried by a rod 88 will be rocked from the position shown in Fig. 11 to that in Fig. 12 and will again be rocked back to the position of Fig. 11 when the book is completely wrapped around the drum E, as in Fig. 12,l so that the fingers enter holes I2 in the end of the book. The arms 19 move slightly farther in a clockwise direction that is shown in Fig. 12.

The additional movement will cause pins 89 in arms 80 to engage in detenting notches 98 which are carried by larms rigidly secured to the base of the machine. The arms 19 remain in this position until subsequent clockwise rotation of drum E has brought the recess-84 adjacent to fingers 82 and rod 8l whereupon the latter will be drawn into the recess.

and continued rotation of the drum will carry along the arms 19 in the relative positions shown in Fig. 10.

Finger operating mechanism` The fingers carried by rod 88 are shown in Figs. 1l and 19 and include two fingers 52 which are secured to the rod, a central finger 83 loose upon the rod, and two intermediate fingers which are also loose upon the rod. When the drum is of Fig. 12 to open the ngers. When the pin At the same time pins 9i carried. 'Ly the drum will engage the arms 19 (see Fig. 10)

moved out of the notch in the link the latter will drop back into the position of Fig. 11. The lower end of the link has pin and slot connection to a bell crank 97 (see also Fig. 19) from opposite sides of which project a pair of pins 98, one of which lies under a forked arm 99 and the other lies under an arm secured to a rod 10i to which rod is secured a second forked arm U2. The arms 99 and |02 are adapted to engage extensions of fingers S2 and 93. respectively, in such manner that counterclockwise rotation of the arms. as viewed in Figs.

12 and 19. will rock the fingers 92 and 93 away from the drum. The lingers 94 are provided with lugs |03 which are adapted to be engaged by lugs |04 associated with fingers 92 and lugs |05 associated with finger 93 in such manner that rocking of either fingers 92 or 93 will also cause rocking of the fingers 94.

The arm 99- is integral with the sleeve S96 which carries a cam follower arm and roller lill at its outer extremity and the shaft lili carries a similar cam follower arm and roller 89 at its outer extremity through which the arms 99 and '392 may be separately and independently actuated during the operation of the machine to successively release the nages of the book for turning.

At this point in the operation of the machiney the book is now held on the periphery of the drum in closed position between lingers 83 and the group of fingers 92*9 andthe drumis in readiness to rotate the book past the analyzing devices which are generally indicated at A, Fig. 5.

During the rst cycle the cover of the book will movepast the analyzing devices and since the cover is not to be analyzed, this first cycle is not effective-for operating the recording mechamsm.

The followers |01 and |08 (see Fig. 19) are adapted to be operated by camming members H19 and HU, respectively, which are pivoted at lll to the frame of the machine and spring-biased in a counterclockwise direction. The members 09 and H0 are adapted to be rocked into the paths of their respective follower rollers by cam rollers H2, |3 carried on opposite sides of a gear i id which is pivoted at ||5 to the frame of the machine and driven by a gear I6 secured upon the shaft (see also Fig. 4). The ratio between gears ||B and iid is 2:1 so that during one cycle of the drum the eammingmember l 9 will operate its follower roller Alli'l to rock the fingers and 94 and during the next cycle the camming meinber |09 will be rocked to cooperate with roller l for operation of ngers 93 and 95|. lt will thus be apparent that due to the configuration of the ends of the several leaves of the book that' the leaves will be successively released during successive cycles of the drum.

With the book wrapped about the drum as explained. the outermost leaf will be that having the cut corners H as in Fig. 16 so that toward the end of the first rotation of drum E rocking o'f ngers 93 and 94 which cooperate with the centrai and two adjacent holes i2 will free the end of the rst leaf and ngers 92 will remain in engagement with the two outermost holes l2 in the second sheet, preventing its release. During the next revolution, fingers 92 and S9 will be rocked to release the second sheet and the central nger 93 will continue to hold the third and following sheets. In this manner, the fingers 92 and 99 alternate in their operation to successively release the ends of the several sheets.

This release of the ends of the sheets occurs when the drum is substantially in the position shown in Fig. 13 and at this time the cam carried by shaft 25 engages and rocks a bell crank follower arm IIB pivoted at M9 to a xed `portion of the machine and through a link |29 and arm |2| rocks a transverse shaft |22 (see also Figs. 1 and 4). Resiliently mounted upon shaft |22 is a rubber-ended leang linger |23 which is moved into engagement with the sheet after it has been released by the ngers 92 or 93. as the case may be, and heldin such engagement as the drum E continues rotating, thereby causing the sheet to buckle as indicated in Fig. 13. Just before the fingers |53, 65.5 reach the leafing finger 523, the latter is raised out of contact with the drum and the fingers 93 and 65 pass thereunder'. The sheet will remain in contact with the leaiing finger and be .dipped or turned over upon itself as the drum continues to rotate. At this time a cani |29 also carried by the shaft 25 lsee also Figs. 1 and Lil will actuate a bell crank follower arm |25 and through a link and arm l2? rock a shaft to which are secured arms |29 supporting a rod i239 and fingers |3| which. under control of the cazn 329, move into engagement with the flipped-over sheet,r

after the fingers S3, S5 have passed by.

These fingers 135 serve tc flatten the turnedover sheet against the drum and hold it until it has been secured thereto. The means for securing the turned-over-sheet to the drum comprises a set of ngers exactly similar in arrangement to the fingers 92, 93 and 95. and they are correspondingly indicated at 92a. 93a, and 8in in Fig. 19. These fingers are controlled in an identical manner from rollers 399er and Gla through fingers 99a and 402e.

In Fig. l0, the rollers |9811 and lla are controlled by camming members 99@ and Mila, respectively. These members are also operated by the cam rollers H2 'and |13 in the same manner as cam members H39 and lill; Thus the fingers 92a, 93a and 94a are alternately operated to receive the end of the flipped over leaf; that ls, when a leaf having its corners cut away at .il :ls flipped over, the fingers 93a and 92311 will rock away from the drum to receive the sheet and then again into engagement therewith to hold the leaf. v

In Fig. 5, a pair of card lever contacts are provided which close when the book is iirst secured to the drum and a pair of card lever contacts 539 which close after the first page has heen turned over.

It has thus far been explained that after the book has first been secured tc the drum the leaves are successively turned over during successive rotations of the drum and during each rotation the columns of marking positions move past the analyzing position 'A to be analyzed thereby. After the last page has been turned' over, contacts 932 will open and in conjunction with other instrumentalities to be explained in more detail in connection with the circuit diagram, the clutch magnet 39 is energized and the cams controlled thereby will commence to rotate together with the drum. A cam 33 (Figs. e and 5) carried by the sleeve ll and now rotating with the drum will cooperate with a follower roller |39 on an arm i239 and through a link 137 will rock a rod |33 in a counterclockwlse direction against the tension of its spring l This action takes place just prior to the arival of the drum E in the position shown in Fig. 8. At this time, of course, it will be recalled that all of the leaves have been turned over and the entire book is supported between the fingers 63, SB and the fingers 92a, 93a and 94a. Rod |33 has secured thereto a camming member Mii (see also Fig. 9) which is adapted to engage an extension Mi of bar 68 to open fingers 63. At the same time, a link |42 pivoted to a further extension of bar 64 is drawn .toward the left (as viewed in Figs. 8 and 9) and, byvirtue of the pin and slot connection to bell crank 91a, will cause rocking of all the fingers 92a to Qa. This concurrent operation of fingers G3 and the fingers 92a to Sta will completely release the examination book which will thereupon fall away from the drum E upon a tray |43 down which it will slide until interrupted by a stop plate |45. Suitable leaf springs M5 are also carried by shaft |38 to insure the removal of the book 'from the drum after it has been released by the fin-` gers. With the book in position against the stop i tl, the printing mechanism is actuated in a manner to be more fully explained hereinafter and an impression is made thereon from the printing wheels. Following this. the solenoid |56 is energizedv to retract plate idd and the examination book will continue its descent into the receiving magazine i1.

Key book feeding mechanism As pointed out above, the drums K and E are both secured to the shaft 25 and accordingly rotate in unison. The drum K is equipped with fingers for holding the notched ends of the several leaves in the Asame manner as the leaves on the drum E are held. Similar mechanism is provided for so holding the leaves and parts on the drum K which perform similar functions to corresponding parts on the drum E havebeen designated with the same reference characters followed by the letter K.

Specifically, in Fig. 17, which is a central section of the drum K, fingers 93K perform the same functions as the fingers 93 on the drum E of Fig. 5 and the fingers 93aK perform like functions to the lingers 93a of Fig. 5. The drum K is also provided with a pair of arms 79K, a rod @IK and fingers 32K for wrapping the book around the drum. inasmuch as the operation vof these parts is the same as the operation of secured to the sleeve fil. By virtue of this gear connection, the arm HSK will operate together with/ arm 19, both being controlled from the sleeve M.

The key book is secured to the drum K in the manner indicated in Fig. '7a 'by inserting half the leaves, between a bar |52 and the drum and drawing the leaves' through until the center of the book is in line with the inner edge of the bar. This bar is freely pivoted on studs |53 secured to the drumand after the book has been placed on the bar it is folded against the periphery of the drum as shown in Fig. i7; the fingers QZaK to MaK are manually-opened and then closed through the holes |2"in the book. The lfkey book will therefore bev on the drum in the position shown in Fig. 17 at the time arm 19 of the drum E withdraws the examination book from the hopper and secures it to the drum E.

The concurrent operation of the rod 8|K in Fig. 17 will at the same time engage the inner leaf of the key book, causing the book to swing about the pivot 553 together with the bar |52 and assume a position on the periphery of the drum between pivot |53 and finger 93K. Before the key book" is moved to this position, however, it is necessary to release the upper end thereof by operation of the fingers QZaK, 93aK and 94aK.

This is effected by a pin |55 carried in a disk on the shaft iBK which will draw downwardly on bell crank BaK to open the fingers in the now familiar manner. From this point on, the corresponding pages ofthe two books will move past the optical systems in unison and the leaves while a new examination book is being fed to the drum E after which the cycle of operations is repeated and the key book is again completely analyzed.

Optical system One of the light sensitive analyzing devicessshown diagrammatically in Fig. 18 and since the two are identical in their organization an explanation of one will be. suiiicient. Five photoelectric cells it@ are provided, 'one for each of the five columns of areas to be read. A pair of projection lamps iti and |62 are .provided with suitable lenses, generally indicated at |63, which project a horizontalbeam of light upon the book. This beam covers substantially the area embracing the five circles of a row of marking positions. Light is reected from the book or the surface of the drum through a system of lenses generally indicated at EN, thence through alight filter m5 to the photo-electric cells |68. The lter |65 serves to prevent the actuation of the photo-electric cells by the printing on the pages of thebook. The detailed manner in which a mark made in a circle l0 aifects a photo-electric Cil cell will be explained in further detail in connection with the circuit diagram.

Counting mechanism The counting mechanism is of well-known form and only so much thereof is illustrated as is necessary for an understanding of the present invention. For more detailed explanation of its operation, reference may be had to U. S. Patent No. 1.880,427, granted to E. A. Ford, October 1i. 1932. In general, each counter, of winch four are provided, comprises a plurality of printing wheels |66 (Figs. 8 and 8a) which are frictionally driven in a clockwise direction by a shaft |6i which has gear connection |58 to the armature shaftof motor |69. Energization of a magnet |10 during the clockwise rotation of shaft |61 will cause one to be added on the units order wheels |66 of its associated counter. Suitable transfer mechanism may bc utilized as shown in the patent referred to, between the several denominational orders. For resetting the counters,the current to the motor |69 is reversed as will be explained in connection with arms |73 plvoted at |14. In Fig. 2, rod |14 carries anarrn |75 connected to the plunger of solenoid H so that encrgization of the solenoid will draw the hammer |72 downwardly against the printing wheels to take an impression therefrom.

Associated with inc armature of each of the ccunter magnets |`||i is a pair of contacts Il? which open at the end of the stroke of the magnet armature.

Miscellaneous Contact devices in Figs. l and Z are shown two pairs of contacts V58 and 579 which are controlled in their operation by suitable cams on the 'drive shaft 2E. Adjacent to shaft N9 are a plurality of pairs ol contacts 23) to iSd which are operated from suitable cams on this shaft, which, it will be recalled, rotates when the sleeve sli is in operation. in Fig. l? the gear ilGE also drives a gear i255 mounted upon a rod i8@ which also carries a number of cams for operating pairs or" contacts lili, i538 and i855 (see Fig. l). The drum K (Figs. l and 17) is also provided with a multiplicity or lugs 39:3 sccured near the cuter edge of the drum. These lugs are adapted to successively Contact and close a pair or" contacts iii located as shown and their spacing corresponds to the distance between sucessive questions on the pages of the key book. Their function is to cause contacts lili to close while the corr=sponding questions are analyzed.

n Fig. a pair of hopper contacts i is provided which remain closed as long as there are books the hopper and open after the last bool: has been fed therefrom. Mount ed'on the shaft 2Q (Figs. i and 7) are commutators iBS, 29d and |95 which operate continuously as long as the motor i2 is in operation. The manner in which these i arious contacts control the operation of the machine will be more fully set forth hereinafter.

Circuit diagram The electric circuits of the machine will now oe explained in detail and a general description of the operation of the machine will be made tocther therewith, pointing out the sequence in which the various operations talee place.

The electric circuits of the machine are shown n Fic?. 20 and current is supplied to the machine rom a suitable source through a switch 2159 to -ie negative side of line Zli and positive side or L e in the following description the cycles or operation involved in feeding and leafing the books will first be explained, following which the circuits involved in analyzing and comparing .the indications on the two books will be set forth.

After examination books have been placed in hopper i3, and the ltey book secured to drum K. the operator will depress the start key to close contacts 223 which complete a circuit through a relay magnet 2M which will attract its armature to close contacts 2Mo and 2Mb. The contacts 2Mb complete 'a circuit to a relay Z which Y closes its points 285e to in turn energize the driving motor l. lThe closure of the main switch 20@ had previously caused the completion oi'a circuit from line 222, wire 20S. contact points 239a ol the relay 26S', contacts Zia of relay ZIB, both normaliy in closed position, relay magnet 2i i, wire 212 to negative side o line 22 i.

The contacts 2Mo of magnet 2M set up a holding circuit for the magnet 205 which is traceable as follows: from line 205, magnet '2813, contacts 284e, stop key contacts 296, wire 207, contacts 2l la, closed by relay magnet 2|i which is energlzed at this time as just explained, wire 213, hopper contacts |22, closed due to the presence of books in the hopper |6, back to positive side of line 202. This circuit will maintain the motor i8 in operation as long as relay magnet 2l l remains energized. The energization of relay magnet 2| i will through closure of its contact points 2Mb complete a circuit from line 20|, magnet 5S, wire 2M, contacts 2| ib, contacts |89, now closed, contacts |80 also closed at this time, to line 202. The magnet upon energization, will cause operation of the mechanism for advancing an examination book from the bottom of the hopper into engagement with the drum E whereupon the rings 53, 66 on the drum will receive the book and the rod 8| and fingers 82 will wrap it around the drum to be secured by fingers 92, 53 and 94.

At this time, the boek is in the position shown in Fig. i2 and the card lever contacts |32 are closed to set up a circuit from line 292, contacts 32, relay magnet 2M, wire 215 to the other side or line 253i. Magnet 2l@ will shift its armature to open the contacts 2Mo, permitting deenergization of relay magnet 2H and energizatlon of a relay magnet 2 through a circuit traceable from line 282, wire 22S, contacts 209e, contacts 2mb, magnet fis, wire 2|? to the opposite side of line 253i. Magnet Ei will close its contacts 'Zilla and 2 l 6b, the latter of which will maintain the holding circuit for the motor |83 as follows: line 2G i, magnet 285;. contacts 2Mo, contacts 206, wire 28?, I

contacts 2|6b, wire 2|?, to line 2532. The magnet 2li is provided with additional contacts 2| ld which furnish an .additional path, branching from the wire 2W, through the contacts 2||d to wire 2li and thence to line 202. cuit will remain in effect after the subsequent decnergization of magnet 25S which permits opening of the holding circuit through contacts 2l6b. 'Closure of contacts 2 Wa will complete a circuit to magnet 28 traceable from line QQLmagnet 28, wire 2|8, contacts 2i6a, wire 2|?, to line 282. Magnet 2S will cause driving connection to be made to the drums K and E and they will commence to rotate with their books in closed position.

Since during the rst revolution of drum E the cover pages of the books are presented to their respective analyzing devices and since the cover pages bear no marking positions, no operation of the counters will take place during this cycle. Near the end of the cyclo the leang mechanism will come into operation to turn the first pages of the two books in the manner explained in connection with Fig. i3 and the turned page of the examination bock will contact with and cause closure of card lever contacts |33 which will now be closed together with the previously closed contacts ll. A circuit is therefore traceable from line 262, wire lie, contacts 33, magnet 269, wire e252, to line Energization or" magnet 29S will open its contacts 299:1 to cause deenergization of the magnet 2li; and will cause closure or its contacts 299i; to complete a circuit from line 222, wire 208, contacts 29%, contacts Mild, since magnet 2li? is also energized at this time, relay magnet 2|9, wire 212, to line 2M. Contacts 2|9b will provide an auxiliary holding circuit for the motor controlling devices in the same manner that contacts 2|5 did previously.- Contacts 299e continue to hold the circuit to magnet 28, traceable from line 2M, magnet 28, wire 2|8, contacts 2|9c, wire 2li, to line 29|. vThe magnet 28 is thus re-energized for the continued and uninterrupted rotation of the drums.

From this point on, a series of cycles of opera- This latter cir- 

